Condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado promove redução no rápido ganho de peso de ratos adultos desnutridos nos períodos de gestação e lactação / Moderate aerobic physical conditioning reduces the fast weight gain of adult rats malnourished during pregnancy and lactation

OBJETIVO: Foram avaliados os efeitos do condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado sobre o peso corporal e o ganho de peso de animais submetidos à desnutrição na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar foram gerados e amamentados por nutrizes alimentadas com dieta normoprotéica (caseína 17 por cento) e dieta hipoprotéica (caseína 8 por cento), formando os grupos Nutridos (n=18) e Desnutridos (n=17) inicialmente e, após o desmame, foram alimentados com dieta normoprotéica padrão do biotério (Labina®, Purina). Aos 60 dias de vida, os animais foram subdivididos em quatro grupos: Nutrido Sedentário (n=9), Nutrido Condicionado (n=7), Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (n=8) e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (n=9). O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado foi realizado em esteira elétrica durante 8 semanas, 5 dias/ semana, 60min/dia e os animais sofreram eutanásia após o término do protocolo. Realizaram-se as análises do peso corporal (g) e do ganho de peso corporal ( por cento). RESULTADOS: Observou-se menor peso corporal nos grupos Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (247,00: 134,00 - 335,00) e Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (245,00: 166,00 - 324,50) comparados respectivamente, aos grupos Nutrido Sedentário (303,75: 176,00 - 372,00) e Nutrido Condicionado (290,25: 190,00 - 372,00) (p<0,05). O ganho de peso mostrou-se maior nos animais do grupo Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Sedentário (35,40: -6,20 - 77,10) comparado ao Nutrido Sedentário (24,30: -7,50 - 44,30) (p<0,05) e comparado ao Desnutrido na Gestação e Lactação Condicionado (20,50: -2,30 - 59,00) (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O condicionamento físico aeróbio moderado exerceu um efeito benéfico por ter reduzido o rápido ganho de peso (catch up) dos animais adultos desnutridos na gestação e lactação e alimentados com dieta normoprotéica após o desmame.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of moderate aerobic physical conditioning on the body weight and weight gain of rats whose mothers were fed a low protein diet during gestation and lactation. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were bred from dams fed a normal- (17 percent casein) or low-protein (8 percent casein) diet, constituting the initial nourished (n=18) and malnourished (n=17) groups. After weaning, they were fed the standard diet of the laboratory, with normal protein content (Labina®, Purina). At the age of 60 days, the animals were divided into four groups: inactive and well nourished (n=9), active and well nourished (n=7), inactive and malnourished from conception until weaning (n=8) and active and malnourished from conception until weaning (n=9). Moderate aerobic physical conditioning was done on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days per week, 60 minutes per day. All animals were killed after this training period. Body weight (g) and weight gain ( percent) were analyzed. RESULTS: Lower body weights were seen in animals that were inactive and malnourished from conception until weaning (247.00: 134.00 - 335.00) and active and malnourished from conception until weaning (245.00: 166.00 - 324.50) when compared with the animals that were inactive and well nourished (303.75: 176.00 - 372.00) and active and well nourished (290.25: 190.00 - 372.00) (p<0.05). Weight gain was higher in the animals from the inactive and malnourished group (35.40: -6.20 - 77.10) in comparison with the inactive and well nourished group (24.30: -7.50 - 44.30) (p<0.05) and the active and malnourished group (20.50: 2.30 - 59.00) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Moderate aerobic physical conditioning had a beneficial effect on the animals that were malnourished during their mothers' gestation and lactation as it reduced their rapid weight gain.

Influência do treino fisico moderado sobre a estrutura da parede arterial de ratos submetidos à desnutrição proteica gestacional e neonatal / Influence of moderate physical training on the artery wall structure of rats submitted to gestational and neonatal protein malnutrition

Avaliamos o efeito do treinamento físico moderado (TFM) associado à reposição nutricional na parede das artérias carótida comum esquerda e aorta horizontal em 24 ratos Wistar machos adultos jovens, submetidos à desnutição proteica nas fases gestacional e neonatal. Os animais foram divididos em grupos Nutrido (N, n = 12, caseína 17 por cento) e Desnutrido (D, n = 12, caseína 8 por cento). Após o desmame, todos os animais receberam dieta padrão (Labina®) e aos 60 dias de vida, os dois grupos foram subdivididos em quatro com seis animais cada: Nutrido Não Treinado (NNT), Nutrido Treinado (NT), Reposição Não Treinado (RNT) e Reposição Treinado (RT). O TFM foi realizado em esteira durante oito semanas, cinco dias por semana, 60 minutos por dia. A histomorfometria de ambas as artérias foi realizada com o programa Scion Image for Windows (Beta 4.0.2). A espessura das paredes das artérias foi obtida a partir da média de aferição de quatro pontos diferentes (0º, 90º, 180º, 270º) e o diâmetro do lúmen dos vasos, a partir da média de aferição de dois valores, partindo de quatro pontos diametralmente opostos. Para a comparação entre os grupos utilizou-se o teste t de Student com os dados apresentados em média ± desvio padrão. A espessura média das artérias carótida comum esquerda (µm) e aorta horizontal (mm) foi menor no grupo RNT (32,51 ± 5,54; 0,11 ± 0,02, respectivamente), comparado com o NNT (40,91 ± 3,56; 0,15 ± 0,01). O diâmetro (µm) da artéria carótida comum esquerda foi maior nos animais RT (724 ± 44,64) do que nos RNT (630,73 ± 79,67). Conclui-se que o TFM associado à reposição nutricional não foi capaz de recuperar as alterações estruturais provocadas pela desnutrição na parede das artérias carótida comum esquerda e aorta horizontal.

We evaluated the effects of moderate physical training (MPT) associated with nutritional recovery on the left common carotid artery and horizontal carotid walls in 24 male, Wistar adult male rats submitted to protein malnutrition on the gestational and neonatal phases. The animals were divided in Nourished (N, n=12, casein 17 percent) and Malnourished (D, n=12, casein 8 percent). After weaning, all animals received standard diet (Labina®) and at the 60th day of life, both groups were subdivided in 4 groups with 6 animals each: Not-Trained Nourished (NTN), Trained Nourished (TN), Not-Trained Recovery (NTR) and Trained Recovery (TR). The MST was performed on treadmill during eight weeks, five days per week, 60 minutes a day. Histophotometry of both arteries was done with the Scion Image software for Windows (Beta 4.0.2). Arteries walls thickness was obtained by the mean value of 4 different points (0º, 90º, 180º, 270º), and the diameter of the lumen of the vessels from 2 values, starting from 4 opposite points. For the comparison between groups, Student's t test was used and data were shown in mean±standard deviation. Mean thickness of the left common carotid artery (µm) and horizontal aorta (mm) was lower on the NTR group (32.51 ± 5.54; 0.11 ± 0.02, respectively) in comparison with the NTN group (40.91± 3.56; 0.15 ± 0.01). The diameter of the common left carotid artery was higher in the TR animals (724 ± 44.64) when compared with the NTR (630.73 ± 79.67). Therefore, the MPT associated with nutritional recovery was not capable of recovering the structural alterations due to malnutrition on the common left carotid and horizontal aorta arteries wall.

Morphologic variations of the superficial palmar arc

The superficial palmar arc ensures the blood supply to the palm of the hand. It is formed by the ulnar artery and the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (classic pattern), shows a distal convexity, from where three ordinary digital palmar arteries go out. It is located over the flexor muscles of the fingers, the lumbrical muscles, and the branches of the median and the ulnar nerves, under the protection of the palmar aponeurosis. PURPOSE: The fact of frequent anatomic variations attracted the interest in checking its incidence, improving the knowledge of the territory of the hand aiming clinical and surgical applications. The aim of this study is the observation of the morphology of the superficial palmar arc and the frequency of the variations regarding the contribution of the other arteries to its formation. METHODS: To carry out this work, 30 pieces of corpse, fixed in a watery solution of formaldehyde, were studied by the method of macroscopic dissection. The analyzed pieces were designed and photographs were taken, and the obtained results, statistically, applying the test of equality of proportions, had a level of trust of 95 percent. RESULTS: An amount of 100 percent showed the superficial palmar arc. From these, 18 cases (60 percent) showed anastomosis among the arteries that form the arc and 12 cases (40 percent) did not. Concerning about the arterial contribution for the arc formation, the following results were obtained: 11 cases (36,67 percent) were formed by the anastomosis of the ulnar artery with the superficial branch of the radial artery; 7 cases (23 percent) were formed by the ulnar artery only; 4 cases (13,33 percent) were formed by the ulnar artery and the superficial branch of the radial artery without anastomosis; 4 cases (13,33 percent) were formed by the anastomosis of the ulnar artery with the main artery of the thumb; 3 cases (10 percent) were formed by the anastomosis of the ulnar artery with the median artery of the forearm; 1 case (3,33 percent) was formed by the ulnar artery and the median artery without anastomosis. CONCLUSION: These results show the incidence of the classic pattern and variations of morphology and different types of contribution for the formation of the superficial palmar arc.